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The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical application of free/total prostate-specific antigen (F/T PSA) ratio, considering the new broad serum total PSA (T-PSA) "gray zone" of 2.0-25.0 ng ml-1 in differential diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate diseases (BPD) in men over 50 years in Western China. A total of 1655 patients were included, 528 with PCa and 1127 with BPD. Serum T-PSA, free PSA (F-PSA), and F/T PSA ratio were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the efficiency of PSA and F/T PSA ratio. There were 47.4% of cancer patients with T-PSA of 2.0-25.0 ng ml-1. When T-PSA was 2.0-4.0 ng ml-1, 4.0-10.0 ng ml-1, and 10.0-25.0 ng ml-1, the area under the curve (AUC) of F/T PSA ratio was 0.749, 0.769, and 0.761, respectively. The best AUC of F/T PSA ratio was 0.811 when T-PSA was 2.0-25.0 ng ml-1, with a specificity of 0.732, a sensitivity of 0.788, and an optimal cutoff value of 15.5%. The AUC of F/T PSA ratio in different age groups (50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years) was 0.767, 0.806, 0.815, and 0.833, respectively, and the best sensitivity (0.857) and specificity (0.802) were observed in patients over 80 years. The T-PSA trend was in accordance with the Gleason score, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and American Joint Committee on Cancer prognosis group. Therefore, the F/T PSA ratio can facilitate the differential diagnosis of PCa and BPD in the broad T-PSA "gray zone". Serum T-PSA can be a Gleason score and prognostic indicator.
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Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Area Under Curve , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Perimenstrual asthma (PMA) is a manifestation of asthma, occurred in a special physiological period of women. It has clinical manifestations of asthma and its own characteristics. It can be caused by not only general asthma inflammatory mediators, such as leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and abnormal immune factors, but also the change trend of sex hormones in the special period. For example, the balance between the proportion of estradiol and progesterone in the circulation may convert allergic reactions into anti-inflammatory reactions, which reduces eosinophils lung recruitment and increases IL10 production, or estradiol may produce proinflammatory effect, which increases the regeneration of IL4, IL1β, and TNFα, exacerbates allergic pulmonary inflammation, causes and aggravates premenstrual or menstrual asthma. Therefore, the treatment of PMA is also different from that of the general asthma. This article focuses on the understanding of this special type of asthma, and reviews the current situation of its risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment plan and other aspects.
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Objective: To observe short-term and long-term efficacies of Danlu Tongdu tablets on lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with kidney deficiency and stasis syndrome, and its effect on nucleus pulposus reabsorption and immunoinflammatory factors. Method: One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into control group (80 cases) and observation group by random number table. Patients in control group (80 cases) got acupoint massage and acupuncture, 1 time/day. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation group were also given Danlu Tongdu tablets, 4 tablets/time, 3 times/days. A course of treatment was 12 weeks, and a 9-month follow-up was recorded. Lumbago and leg pain were recorded by visual simulation (VAS) before treatment and at the first, second, third month after treatment. Before and after treatment, Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA), symptoms and signs were scored. During the 9-month follow-up, relapse rate and relapse time were recorded, and VAS and JOA were scored. Absorption of nucleus pulposus was assessed, and levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) were detected. Result: By rank sum test, the clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.125, PZ=1.924, PPPPPχ2=5.138, Pα and MMP-3 were lower than that in control group (Pχ2=4.668, PPPPConclusion: In addition to acupuncture and massage therapy, Danlu Tongdu tablets can also be used to relieve pain and ameliorate function, improve clinical efficacy, reduce relapse rate, promote nucleus pulposus reabsorption, and relieve inflammation of nerve root.
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Objective: To observe the neurovascular mechanism of Rattan Moxibustion in the treatment of blood stasis type diabetic peripheral neuropathy . Methods: Seventy db/db mice were randomly divided into 7 groups including normal group, blood stasis model group, α-lipoic acid group, fake Rattan Moxibustion group, and three subgroups of Rattan Moxibustion-15-min, 20-min, and 25-min group respectively. After 6 weeks' Rattan Moxibustion therapy, thermal pain threshold, blood glucose, endothelin, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase and malondialdehyde levels were detected, and pancreatic tissues morphology were observed under light microscopy. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) proteins in dorsal root neuron were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with normal group, blood stasis model group, fake Rattan Moxibustion group, thermal pain threshold of Rattan Moxibustion group was significantly improved (P<0.05); the blood glucose, endothelin, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase and malondialdehyde levels of the 20-min group were significantly ameliorated (P<0.01). In the Rattan Moxibustion groups, the chronic inflammation was found to be reduced according to hematoxylin-eosin staining results and Rattan Moxibustion groups HO-1 expression has been strengthened. Conclusions: Rattan Moxibustion therapy can significantly improve peripheral nerve function in diabetic peripheral neuropathy of blood stasis type in mice, improve the blood stasis of pathological state; it can also reduce the chronic inflammation of the pancreas. The mechanism may ameliorate vasoactive and antioxidant factors, enhance HO-1 expression, ultimately improve microcirculation and enhance antioxidant capacity of the model mice.
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Aim To explore the antidepressant effect and the mechanism of self-made prescription of strengthening spleen and replenishing Qi ( SMP-SS-RQ) . Methods The depression model of chronic un-predictable mild stress ( CUMS ) was established in mice. The animals were randomly divided into control group, model group, SMP-SSRQ low, middle and high dose groups (8, 16, 32 mg·kg-1), with 12 mice for each group. The control group and the model group were given the same volume of saline, and other groups were given corresponding dose of SMP-SSRQ. Animals of each group were administered by gavage twice a day for two weeks. Behavioral indexes of mice were deter-mined by open field experiment, sugar consumption test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were respectively performed to detect mRNA and pro-tein expression levels of Igsf11 , Pdia2 and Sec14 l2 inprefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results Com-pared with model group, depressed mice' s horizontal mobile score, upright number and the sugar water pref-erence index increased and FST as well as TST de-creased in all SMP-SSRQ groups(P<0.05). The de-pression symptoms in mice were obviously improved by SMP-SSRQ therapy. Low and high doses of SMP-SSRQ significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression lev-el of Igsf11 , Pdia2 and Sec14 l2 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the depressed mice, presenting significant statistical difference compared with model group ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusions SMP-SSRQ can ef-fectively improve mouse depressive behavior, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Igsf11 , Pdia2 and Sec14 l2 in mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen capsule for influenza. All reports of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Lianhua Qingwen capsule treating influenza were retrieved from database of CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, PubMed, the Cochrane Library by February 2017. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted by 2 authors, the quality of the included RCTs was assessed, and meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 software. A total of 1 525 patients and 10 studies were included. The results of meta analysis showed that compared with oseltamivir, Lianhua Qingwen capsule was more effective in alleviating flu symptoms, including the time of headaches disappeared [SMD=-0.25,95% CI(-0.48, -0.01)], the time of sore throat disappeared [SMD=-0.53,95% CI（-0.72, -0.34）], the time of cough disappeared [SMD=-0.39,95%CI（-0.57, -0.21）], whole body aches disappeared [ SMD=-0.49, 95% CI (-0.78, -0.21)], the time of weak disappeared [SMD=-0.56,95%CI (-0.82, -0.29)], and the time of abatement of fever [SMD=-3.47,95%CI（-6.27, -0.67）]. Also, there were some statistical significant differences between the two groups except nasal congestion and the time of virus turning negative. Compared with Ribavirin, Lianhua Qingwen capsule was more effective in terms of the rate of temperature effect, [RR=1.53, 95% CI (1.24, 1.90)], the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Compared with Ankahuangmin capsules, significant differences were found in terms of the he rate temperature effect [RR=1.37, 95%CI (1.19,1.57)]. Current evidence shows that Lianhua Qingwen capsule is more effective and safer than Oseltamivir, Ribavirin and Ankahuangmin capsules. Due to the low quality of the clinical research, the accuracy of this conclusion needs to be conducted to verify.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the levels of coagulation indicators [thrombomodulin(TM)/ thrombin-antithrombin complexes(TAT)/ α-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes(PIC)/ tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complexes(t-PAIC) /D-Dimer(D-D)/fibrin degradation products(FDP)] in the critical patients with thromboembolism, analyse their correlation with inflammatory factor (procalcitonin/C reactive protein/ interleukin-6), and explore the diagnostic significance of coagulation indicators for these patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum levels of the coagulation indicators (TM/TAT/PIC/t-PAIC/D-D /FDP) and inflammatory factors (PCT/IL-6/CRP) were detected in the patient group with critical thromboembolism (n= 38) and critical patient group without thromboembolism as control (n= 81) . The correlation of coagulation indicators with inflammatory factors was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The values of TM/TAT/PIC/D-D/FDP in thromboembolism group were statistically significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). However, the t-PAIC values were not significantly different (P>0.05), and 3 inflammatory factors (PCT/CRP/IL-6) in thromboembolism patients were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The correlation analysis suggested that the correlation coefficients of TM with PCT, CRP and IL-6 were 0.288, 0.249 and 0.270, respectively (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The critical patients with thromboembolism show an obviously higher systemic inflammatory response, and accompany with coagulation dysfunction. There is a network relationship between inflammation and coagulation, the interaction of inflammatory factors with coagulation indicators promotes thromboembolism and inflammation.</p>
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Objective To study the antidepressant-like effect of Butanol Extract from Stevia (BEFS) and its possible corresponding mechanisms.Methods Forty-five mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,model + Fluoxetine group,model + BEFS-3 g/kg group and model + BEFS-6 g/kg group.The chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) for 3 weeks was used to make up depressive animal model.It was based on body weight,crossing numbers,rearing numbers and sucrose preference to assess whether the model was a success.After continuous lavage giving BEFS and fluoxetine for 2 weeks and subsequent behavioral test,the mRNA transcription of Single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-related molecule (SIGIRR) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in liver tissue of mice were detected by using quantitative real time-PCR.Results Three weeks after CUMS,behavior parameters were significantly decreased in mice exposed to CUMS compared with control group[(17.28 ±0.49) g vs (22.47 ± 0.82) g,P =0.000;(43.35 ± 1.68) scores vs (125.25 ± 3.07) scores,P =0.000;(3.92 ± 0.18) scores vs (15.92 ± 1.78) scores,P =0.000;(49.39 ± 2.05) ％ vs (67.18 ± 4.46) ％,P =0.001].However,2 weeks after dosing,body weight,crossing numbers,rearing numbers and sucrose preference were (19.03 ± 0.44) g,(70.50 ± 6.56) scores,(3.08 ± 0.77) scores and (41.27 ± 7.59) ％,respectively in model group.Compared to model group,behavior parameters of BEFS (3 and 6 g/kg BEFS) groups were significantly increased [BEFS-6 g/kg group:(24.42 ± 1.46) g,(99.75 ± 5.07) scores,(13.08 ± 1.60) scores,(64.31 ± 1.92) ％,all P ＜ 0.05;BEFS-3 g/kg group:(23.82 ± 1.72) g,(91.67 ± 5.69) scores,(6.92 ± 1.05) scores,(59.56 ± 5.31) ％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].Correspondingly,BEFS could reverse the mRNA expression of SIGIRR lowering and NF-κB rising in the liver of mice exposed to CUMS(BEFS-6 g/kg group:1.208 1 ± 0.102 2,1.437 7 ± 0.352 9;BEFS-3 g/kg group:0.768 0 ± 0.108 6,2.186 2 ± 0.203 8,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions BEFS can remarkably improve depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice and its antidepressant activity is mediated,at least in part,by upregulating SIGIRR and downregulating NF-κB in the liver.
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Being one of the most important complications and also one of the leading cavses of death, venous thromboembolism ( VTE) could significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with tumor.Therefore, accurate assessment of VTE risk and early prophylaxis according to the risk level are important to reduce the incidence of VTE, as well as to improve the quality of life and disease prognosisin patients with cancer.In this paper, we introduced the laboratory indicators that could be used for risk assessment of tumor-associated VTE and monitoring of prophylaxis and treatment in tumor patients with VTE.We aimed to strengthen the awareness of tumor-associated VTE and expected to provide help for clinical practice.
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This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of coagulation indicators [prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB), antithrombinIII (ATIII), D-dimer (D-D) levels] with inflammatory markers [procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A (SAA)] for sepsis in hematologic malignancy patients. A total of 326 febrile in patients with hematologic diseases from 2062 patients in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from March 2011 to April 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into sepsis group(n = 72), non-sepsis group(n = 176) and non-sepsis with low Alb group (n = 78) according to blood culture. The results showed that the values of PT, APTT, D-dimer, Plt in sepsis group were higher than those in non-sepsis group, and the difference between them was statistically significant. While the ATIII level in the sepsis group was lower than that in non-sepsis group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). And the four inflammatory biomarkers in the sepsis patients were higher than those in non-sepsis patients (P < 0.05). TT and FIB level were not significantly different (P > 0.05). There was not a significant difference in these indicators between non-sepsis group and non-sepsis with low Alb group. The correlation analysis suggested that the level of PCT positively correlated with APTT, D-dimer level (P < 0.05); and negatively correlated with the ATIII (P < 0.05). It is concluded that sepsis results in the concurrent activation of inflammatory and procoagulant pathways. The hematologic malignancy patients with sepsis have an obviously higher systemic inflammatory response, and accompanied with coagulation dysfunction.
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Humans , Biomarkers , Blood Coagulation , C-Reactive Protein , Calcitonin , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products , Hematologic Neoplasms , Chemistry , Interleukin-6 , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Protein Precursors , Retrospective Studies , Sepsis , Serum Amyloid A Protein , Thrombin TimeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the ratio of Th17 cells and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and explore its pathological effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>70 MM patients were divided into three groups: newly diagnosed group (n=30), plateau stage group (n=23) and relapsed/refractory group (n=17). The controls consisted of 20 healthy donors. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with controls [(0.72±0.33)%] and plateau stage group [(0.74±0.29)%], frequencies of Th17 cells were higher in newly diagnosed group [(1.62±0.65)%] and relapsed/refractory group [(1.45±0.51)%], respectively (P<0.05). Compared with controls [(2.33±0.90)%] and plateau stage group [(1.69±0.70)%], frequencies of Treg cells were significantly lower in newly diagnosed group [(0.55±0.23)%] and relapsed/refractory group [(0.82±0.54)%], respectively (P<0.05). The ratios of Th17/Treg in newly diagnosed group and relapsed/refractory group were higher than those in controls (P<0.05). There were no differences of the frequencies of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells and Th17 cells between plateau stage group and controls. The frequencies of Treg cells were significantly lower in plateau stage group than that in controls (P<0.05), and the ratio of Th17/Treg was significantly higher in plateau stage group than that in controls (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The remarkable abnormality of T cells subsets was reduction of CD4⁺ T cells in MM. Higher frequency of Th17 and lower ratio of Treg could lead to imbalance of Th17/Treg, which may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MM.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Flow Cytometry , Lymphocyte Count , Multiple Myeloma , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Cell Biology , Th17 Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
This study was purposed to investigate the ratio of Th17 cells and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and to explore their roles in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis. Based on the number of peripheral lymphocytes and treatment condition, the CLL patients were divided into 2 groups: untreated group (n = 30) and remission group (n = 15), the healthy control group (n = 20) was set up as well. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells of all cases were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that frequencies of CD3(+)CD4(+)T cells and Th17 cells were significantly higher in untreated group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), the frequencies of CD3(+)CD8(+)T cells and Treg cells were significantly lower in untreated group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), the ratio of Th17/Treg was significantly higher in untreated group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of Th17 were not statistically different between remission and healthy control groups, the frequencies of Treg cells were significantly lower in remission group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), the ratio of Th17/Treg was significantly higher in remission group than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05), frequencies of Th17 cells were markedly lower in remission group than that in untreated group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that Th17/Treg imbalance exists in patients with CLL, which may play a key role in pathogenesis and development of CLL.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Case-Control Studies , Flow Cytometry , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell , Pathology , Lymphocyte Count , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Cell Biology , Th17 Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the copy number changes of A20 and TNF genes,and determine the contribution of the two genes in the development of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.Methods Forty-one cases of archive paraffin-embedded ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma tissues were detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the commercial chromosome 6 centromere probe (CEP6),and house-made site-specific probe of A20 and TNF. Results Of the 41 ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma cases,loss of heterozygosity (LOH)in A20 locus was detected in 2 cases (4.88 ％).TNF extra copies were found in 5 cases (12.20 ％),of which three cases simultaneously had extra CEP6 signals.No A20 deletion were found coexistence with TNF extra copies in any case.Conclusion A20 gene deletion is present in the small part of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma, and might contribute to the development of Chinese ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.A20 deletion is not associated with extra copies of TNF locus.
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Objective To investigate and analyze the situation of urban and rural neglected children aged 3-6,in China,so as to provide basis for the analysis and comparison on relevant risk factors.Methods 1163 urban children aged 3-6 (with 49.6％ males and 4.5％ with minority ethnicity) were investigated from 25 cities of 14 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in the whole country.Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used.Again,using the same sampling method,4096 rural children (of whom 50.6％ were males with 6.2％ as minorities) were chosen from 26 cities of 10 provinces or municipalities.Identification of children being neglected was based on “Child Neglect Evaluation Norms of Children Aged 3-6 Years in Urban/Rural China”.SPSS-Windows 13.0 was employed for data analysis.Scores,frequency/degrees,age,sex and types (physical,emotional,educational,safety,medical and social) of children under negligence on every group of the regions,were calculated.x2 test (Chi-Square) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were processed to determine the significance of their differences.Results The overall frequencies of negligence were 28.0％ and 53.7％ respectively among the urban and rural children aged 3-6,while the total degrees of negligence were 42.2 and 44.4 respectively.Significant difference was found between children from the urban and the rural areas (P＜0.05).Significant difference was also found between urban and rural children on every age group (P＜0.05).The frequencies of negligence among males were 32.6％ and 55.9％ respectively in urban and rural areas while among females,the figures appeared to be 23.7％ and 51.6％ respectively.The degrees of negligence were 42.7 and 44.6 among male while 41.8 and 44.3 among female children,in the urban or rural areas.Significant differences were found on male or female between urban and rural groups (P＜0.05).Frequencies of negligence in urban children aged 3-6 for the six types were from 5.1％ to 12.9％,with the frequency in rural areas as 13.1％-26.6％.Significant difference was found between urban and rural group for any other type (P＜0.05),in addition to the safety type.The degrees of negligence in urban children aged 3-6 for the different type were between 39.4 and 43.4,while in the rural areas as from 36.5 to 48.2,with significant difference for every type (P＜0.05).The degrees of negligence related to education,emotion,or physical strength were more serious on children from the urban than from the rural areas.The highest frequency of child negligence was seen in the single-parent families on both urban and rural groups (42.9％ and 60.0％ respectively),with no significant difference found (P＞0.05).The urban and rural children aged 3-6 were mainly involved in single item of negligence,with incidence rates as 16.5％ and 22.7％ and proportions as 58.9％ and 45.1％ respectively,despite the factors as age or sex.Conclusion There were large differences on the situation of negligence between the urban and rural children aged 3-6.The frequencies and degrees of negligence in every age group and different sex for children living in the rural areas were higher than those urban children.The frequency of negligence among boys was higher than girls for both urban and rural areas.The rural children had suffered more serious negligence than the urban children at any other type,in addition to the ‘ safety'.Both urban and rural children had the highest frequency of negligence in single-parent family,and were mainly suffered from single item of negligence.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the status of child neglect among urban areas children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 8001 children and adolescents were recruited from 30 cities of 14 provinces in December 2008. The investigation was carried based on The 3 - 6 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China and The 6 - 17 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China. SPSS 13.0 was employed for analyzing neglect rate and degree for group of areas, age, sex and neglect type (including neglect of physical, emotional, educational, medical, safety and social).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The degrees of child neglect for urban children aged 3 - 6 (children aged 6 were not in school), 6 - 8 (children aged 6 were school children), 9 - 11, 12 - 14 and 15 - 17 were 42.2 ± 6.9, 42.8 ± 8.4, 42.1 ± 9.1, 46.4 ± 9.2 and 49.7 ± 8.4(P < 0.05), the neglect rates were 28.0% (326/1163), 28.8% (431/1496), 27.2% (543/1962), 22.4% (373/1664) and 32.8% (563/1716) (P < 0.05), respectively. There were differences in six neglect types for each group; the neglect degrees and rates were high in the group aged 12 - 14 and 15 - 17 (46.4 ± 9.2 and 49.1 ± 8.4, 22.4% (373/1664) and 32.8% (563/1716), respectively); for each neglect type, the neglect degree of children aged 15 - 17 were highest (52.8 ± 8.0, 47.3 ± 11.6, 49.5 ± 10.8, 42.4 ± 10.3, 52.2 ± 16.0, 56.0 ± 10.1). The degree and rate of neglect in West were highest, Middle was next, the East was lowest (the neglect degrees were 45.4 ± 9.1, 45.0 ± 9.3 and 44.0 ± 8.8, P < 0.05;the rates were 30.7% (1340/4361), 25.0% (756/3024) and 21.2% (131/616), P < 0.05). Degree and rate of child neglect for children without siblings were lower than children with siblings (the neglect degrees were 44.2 ± 9.0 and 47.6 ± 9.1, P < 0.01; the rates were 26.1% (1572/6017) and 33.0% (655/1984), P < 0.01). Neglect degree of school children aged 6 years old (43.1 ± 7.3) was higher than children not in school (40.7 ± 7.8) (P < 0.01), but neglect rate was lower (the rates were 35.4% (60/169) and 21.3% (84/394), P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Neglect degree and rate of urban children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years in China were both high, and neglect deserved more attentions.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Child Abuse , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acute ureteroscopy for the treatment of ureterie stones during middle and late pregnancy.Methods From June 1998 to March 2005,17 pregnant women(mean age,27 years;age range,21-35 years)with ureteric stones were treated by ureteroscopy when the fetus was at 20-36 weeks of gestation(mean,29 weeks).All the cases presented with urgent symptoms such as recurrent renal colic(11 cases),fever(4)or acute obstructive anuria(2).Among 17 cases,the stones(between 6 mm?7 mm and 13 mm?21 mm)were located in the upper(8 cases),middle(5)or lower ureter(4);and on the left side(5 eases),on the right(10)and on both(2)of the lower ureter. Mild hydronephrosis were observed in 6 cases and moderate hydronephrosis in 11,Of the 17 cases,14 under- went ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy;in 1 case the calculi were pushed to the renal pelvis;and 2 cases were treated by Double-J catheter drainage.Results All the urgent symptoms in 17 cases were relieved after treatment.The stone-free rate of initial treatment was 82.4%(14 of 17).Three cases with residual stones were treated by Douhle-J catheters,which were replaced every 3 months until the calculi were re- moved.No abortion,premature delivery or complications such as ureter perforation occurred.Mild renal colic occurred in 1 case after insertion of Douhle-J catheter,and it was relieved 3d later;gross hematuria occurred in l case and disappeared 6 d later without treatment.All 17 patients had normal delivery and gave birth to healthy children.Conclusions Ureteroscopy is a safe and reliable method for the treatment of ureteric calculi during middle and late pregnancy.